The agricultural sector serves as the cornerstone of India’s economy, contributing 18% to the country’s Gross Value Added (GVA) in FY24. Despite facing challenges from pandemics and changing climatic conditions, the sector has shown remarkable resilience, playing a significant role in the recovery of India’s economy. Given the significant pollution generated by the concrete industry, partially replacing cement has become essential for achieving sustainability. Research indicates that when agricultural waste is properly processed, it gains pozzolanic properties, making it suitable as a partial substitute for cement in concrete production. This review highlights the local availability of various agricultural wastes and their effects on concrete. Findings suggest that partial replacement of cement with sugarcane bagasse ash, rice husk ash, and palm oil fuel ash could potentially save around 121 million tonnes of cement globally each year while maintaining or even enhancing the desired properties of concrete at optimal substitution ratios.