The vast manufacturing and broad use of cement as a binder contribute to global warming. However, this may be mitigated by substituting cement with additional cementitious material. This study aims to enhance properties of concrete mixes by the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as calcined clay (CC) and silica fume in the range 5–10% each, and fly ash (FA) in the range 15–20%. In this research, in order to achieve an appropriate degree of workability, superplasticizers were added in different ratios. The proposed mixture is expected to have medium to high-strength quaternary binder matrix with the help of special quadratic mixture designs, and exposed to elevated temperatures of the range 100, 200, 300, and 400 °C. The examination of the microstructure using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the blended mortar provided insights into changes in shape, distribution of particles, formation of hydration products of cement, and complexities in the structure. A regression model has been created and validated through the ANOVA statistical approach. From the results of statistical analysis, the expression related to compressive strength and the composition of the SCMs have been deduced. The study's results provide an inclusive understanding of the strength properties of ordinary Portland cement and quaternary mixed paste at high-temperature conditions. The matrix developed has significant compressive strength, making it suitable for use in commercial building activities, as shown by the findings. The new matrix adheres to sustainability norms by conserving the cement quantity, hence reducing carbon impact.