Spatial disorientation (SD) is a significant threat in aviation, impairing pilot performance and leading to errors during flight. Despite ongoing research, effective measurement and countermeasures for SD are lacking. This study addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive review of literature. The articles were collected through a combination of search keywords across databases and evaluated by multiple researchers based on their quality and relevance. Total 71 highly-relevant research papers on SD were selected and reviewed for this study. The selected papers were organized into three thematic areas for a structured analysis: (1) overview of SD, (2) SD countermeasures, and (3) measurements of pilot states during SD episodes. Through this analysis, this study identified promising avenues for future research on SD. This study can be utilized in order to develop and implement more effective strategies to prevent and mitigate SD in pilots. By doing so, it has the potential to significantly enhance SD management and bolster aviation safety.