Microplastic pollution has emerged as a growing global concern, posing severe risks to all ecosystems, particularly marine environments. The accumulation of microplastics in marine flora and fauna leads to physiological disruptions, threatening biodiversity and the stability of the global food chain. Effective mitigation of this issue requires stringent legal interventions, which can be reinforced through environmental forensics. By utilizing advanced forensic techniques, the sources of microplastic pollution can be accurately traced, enabling the enforcement of targeted legal measures to curb marine contamination. This chapter addresses the issue of microplastic pollution in India’s marine ecosystems and explores the efficiency of environmental forensics techniques to combat it. Through the combination of scientific research, technological advancements, and legal enforcement, environmental forensics can play a crucial role in preserving marine ecosystems, reducing contamination levels, and promoting sustainable coastal development. Ultimately, adopting such an approach will enhance marine biodiversity, safeguard human health, and ensure the long-term resilience of aquatic environments.