This chapter serves as an introductory foundation for the entire book, outlining the core principles and scope of random vibration studies. It begins by explaining the fundamental concepts essential for understanding the subject. Subsequently, it introduces several key concepts specific to random vibration, distinguishing its characteristics from those of deterministic vibration. A significant focus is placed on the application of random vibration theory within the field of vehicle engineering, highlighting its practical importance and relevance. The chapter also outlines the overarching knowledge system that structures the study of random vibration, providing a roadmap for the topics covered in the book. Finally, it discusses the various research methodologies employed in the analysis and study of random vibration, setting the stage for the technical content that follows in subsequent chapters.