Global agriculture system is under the influence of various environmental challenges due to climate change thereby raising concern to develop novel approaches to overcome these problems. Plants are exposed to a wide range of environmental stresses, i.e., salinity, drought, cold, high temperature, nutrient deficiencies, and heavy metal toxicity. These stresses negatively impact plant physiology, growth, and productivity, ultimately leading to food insecurity and economic losses. Nanotechnology has emerged as a recent, efficient, and promising approach for abiotic stress management in plants and has the potential to revolutionize sustainable agriculture. Therefore, understanding the role of various nanoparticles (NPs) to mitigate abiotic stresses in plants is crucial to improve plant resilience. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, NPs offer effective solutions to improve stress tolerance, combat nutrient deficiencies, and boost plant growth and productivity. Under different abiotic stress conditions, nanoparticles can activate plant defense mechanisms and enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes. They also improve photosynthetic efficiency, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, CO₂ assimilation, relative water content, osmolyte accumulation, protein metabolism, nutrient uptake, germination, hormonal signaling pathways, and the expression of stress-responsive genes. This chapter focuses on the potential of various NPs to alleviate different plant stresses and revolutionize agricultural practices to achieve food security and sustainable agriculture.