Approach to Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (UGIB) in the ICU
摘要
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a potentially life-threatening condition that originates from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. It can manifest as hematemesis (vomiting blood), melena (black tarry stools), or, in cases of massive bleeding, hematochezia (fresh blood per rectum). Prompt diagnosis and intervention are essential, as UGIB is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in ICU settings. The overall mortality rate for UGIB ranges from 2% to 10%, and outcomes are often worse in patients with comorbid conditions like chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.