Metabolic alkalosis is a condition characterized by an increase in blood pH due to an excess of bicarbonate ( \( {\mathrm{HCO}}_3^{-} \) ) or a loss of hydrogen ions (H+). It involves two phases: the generation phase, where the initial disturbance occurs, and the maintenance phase, where the alkalosis is sustained. The generation phase often results from a loss of acid via gastrointestinal (GI) or renal routes or an excessive gain of bicarbonate, while the maintenance phase is typically due to impaired renal excretion of bicarbonate.