Nanotechnology applications in the agriculture and food sectors are becoming increasingly widespread. The food and agriculture industries are deeply ingrained in people’s daily lives worldwide, and the success of any country’s economy is heavily reliant on the performance of these two critical businesses. The cultivation of healthy food is inextricably linked to good health, and nanosensors have the potential to play an important role in protecting foods from harmful conditions. Owing to their high sensitivity, specificity, and quick reaction times, nanobiosensors are critical in tackling current difficulties in the agricultural and food sectors. These technologies, which use nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, and quantum dots, allow for unparalleled precision in detecting infections, pollutants and nutritional levels. Nanobiosensors are used in agriculture to monitor soil health, diagnose crop diseases and practice precision farming, all of which improve resource efficiency and crop yields. This chapter focuses on current advances in nanobiosensor technology, their applications in the agricultural and food sectors with future prospects, and breakthroughs in nanotechnology development.