Globally, over 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted annually, largely due to inadequate monitoring along the supply chain. Nanobiosensors have emerged as a transformative solution, offering highly sensitive, specific, and real-time monitoring capabilities to enhance food safety, quality, and sustainability. Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the miniaturization and functionalization of these sensors, making them more efficient, versatile, and cost-effective. Key innovations include label-free detection systems, integration with IoT platforms, and the application of advanced nanomaterials. The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning further optimizes these technologies, enabling automated data analysis and informed decision-making throughout food production. Nanobiosensors play a critical role in agriculture, food processing, packaging, and distribution. In agriculture, they monitor soil health, detect crop diseases, and assess pesticide residues, promoting sustainable practices. In food processing, they enable real-time detection of spoilage and contamination, supporting circular economy principles by reducing waste. Embedded in packaging, nanobiosensors transform containers into smart systems, while in distribution, they ensure the safety and quality of perishable goods. Despite their commercial potential, challenges such as stability, scalability, and regulatory compliance persist. This chapter explores the advancements, applications, and future opportunities of nanobiosensors, emphasizing their pivotal role in building a sustainable and circular food production system.