Wild ungulates can influence the structure and function of their resident and transitory ecosystems through their feeding habits. Consequently, analysis of the feeding habits of ungulates can support efforts to protect ungulates, including the conservation of their wider habitats. We examined the dietary habits of nine species of wild ungulates in India by examining the literature published from 1990 to 2020. The species studied were chital (Axis axis), sambar (Rusa unicolor), nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), gaur (Bos gaurus), swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii), chinkara (Gazella bennetii), Chowsingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), and hog deer (Axis porcinus). These species represent a wide range of body sizes and habitats and are therefore potential models for studying interspecific dietary differences and relationships. Our aim was to evaluate the methods used in studies of ungulate dietary habits to document ungulate diets and any interspecies-level similarities. The diet of ungulates was assessed by counting the number of plant species, life forms (trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, sedges, and climbers), life form diversity, and tree/ grass species ratio. Cluster analysis was used to assess dietary similarities between species. A total of 21 studies were found, including six records for chital, five records for nilgai, seven for sambar, five for gaur, five for chowsingha, three for blackbuck, two for swamp deer, one for chinkara, and two for hog deer. Most plant species were found in the diet of chital (164), while the least plant species were found in the diet of hog deer (19). The highest tree/grass species ratio was recorded in the diet of sambar and the lowest in the diet of blackbuck. The diet of hog deer and swamp deer did not consist of tree species. The greatest similarity was between the diet of the hog deer and the swamp deer and between chital and nilgai. The results of this study suggest that as ungulate species become more specialized in using their habitat, the diversity of plant species included in their diet decreases. These findings support an integrated approach to ungulate conservation, including critical management of ungulate habitat and plant diversity in India.

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Composition and Plant Species Diversity in the Diet of Some Wild Ungulates in India: A Systematic Review

  • Rohit Chaudhary,
  • Kavya Shah,
  • Taksh Kelaiya,
  • Aadil Kazi,
  • Prakhar Sharma,
  • Mohmad Navaz Dahya,
  • Priyank Kapadi

摘要

Wild ungulates can influence the structure and function of their resident and transitory ecosystems through their feeding habits. Consequently, analysis of the feeding habits of ungulates can support efforts to protect ungulates, including the conservation of their wider habitats. We examined the dietary habits of nine species of wild ungulates in India by examining the literature published from 1990 to 2020. The species studied were chital (Axis axis), sambar (Rusa unicolor), nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), gaur (Bos gaurus), swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii), chinkara (Gazella bennetii), Chowsingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), and hog deer (Axis porcinus). These species represent a wide range of body sizes and habitats and are therefore potential models for studying interspecific dietary differences and relationships. Our aim was to evaluate the methods used in studies of ungulate dietary habits to document ungulate diets and any interspecies-level similarities. The diet of ungulates was assessed by counting the number of plant species, life forms (trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, sedges, and climbers), life form diversity, and tree/ grass species ratio. Cluster analysis was used to assess dietary similarities between species. A total of 21 studies were found, including six records for chital, five records for nilgai, seven for sambar, five for gaur, five for chowsingha, three for blackbuck, two for swamp deer, one for chinkara, and two for hog deer. Most plant species were found in the diet of chital (164), while the least plant species were found in the diet of hog deer (19). The highest tree/grass species ratio was recorded in the diet of sambar and the lowest in the diet of blackbuck. The diet of hog deer and swamp deer did not consist of tree species. The greatest similarity was between the diet of the hog deer and the swamp deer and between chital and nilgai. The results of this study suggest that as ungulate species become more specialized in using their habitat, the diversity of plant species included in their diet decreases. These findings support an integrated approach to ungulate conservation, including critical management of ungulate habitat and plant diversity in India.