Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Driven FET-Based Gas and Biosensors

Small, highly sensitive, and energy-efficient sensors are increasingly necessary as our world becomes more data-driven than ever before. Field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensing technologies have grown to be a major technology for detecting gas and biomolecules at very low concentrations. This systematic review article summarizes new advances in the field of FET-based sensing, including advancements in device architecture, new materials, and integration methods that increase the sensitivity of detection, enabling larger numbers of small devices to be produced. FET sensors are ideal for applications such as wearable electronics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and point-of-care diagnosis, as these devices can be made using CMOS processes, operate at room temperature, and can be made on flexible substrates. Furthermore, by combining nanomaterials with optimized surface functionalization, FET sensors have improved capability of being sensitive, selective, and stable over time and will prove to be a significant platform for future biosensing and environmental-monitoring applications