Evaluation of Traditional and Contemporary Rhizoengineering Approaches to Alleviate Abiotic Stresses

Growing environmental and food safety problems have given momentum to the finding and implementation of nature-based solutions (NbS) as modern agroecological tools or biological potent strategies that can better deal with these currently emerging agroeconomic challenges at a global scale, specifically caused by climatic shifts, and are constantly being highlighted by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the international level. The historical development of agriculture has provided us with the opportunity to evaluate major milestones in the evolution of worldwide agriculture from obsolete and traditional to modern and contemporary rhizoengineering approaches to alleviate abiotic stresses with rising biotechnological inventions and advancements. Evaluations and recommendations via interdisciplinary crosstalk will assist in proposing future research directions by recognizing novel pathways for climatic mitigation and the restoration of agroecosystems vital for sustainable agronomy and biodiversity preservation. Rationalization of contemporary rhizoengineering strategies is significantly contributing to modern synthetic biotechnological tools and multiomics technologies, for instance, knowing how the functions of microbes and plant gene expression will work in concert to regulate plant stress resistance and adaptability with profitable yield.