A Novel Rotational Speed Control Strategy for CAES Expander Based on IBKA-IISPID

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems have attracted considerable interest owing to their operational advantages, including flexible regulation and straightforward start-stop capabilities. Nevertheless, they encounter several control challenges, such as rotational speed overshoot, sluggish response of conventional PID algorithms, and inadequate stability. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a novel rotational speed control strategy based on the co-optimization of an improved integral separated PID (IISPID) and an improved black-winged kite algorithm (IBKA). In the proposed strategy, the integral separation mechanism is incorporated to mitigate integral wind-up under large-deviation conditions. Meanwhile, the IBKA is applied to globally optimize the IISPID parameters, addressing the challenge of parameter tuning and thereby improving the control system’s accuracy and robustness. Simulations conducted on a 10 MW CAES system model show that the proposed IBKA-IISPID control strategy achieves superior performance compared to other methods in terms of overshoot, settling time, peak value, and steady-state error. Additionally, the proposed control strategy demonstrates notable advantages in suppressing speed overshoot, enhancing response speed, steady-state accuracy, and anti-disturbance capability, providing robust technical support for the safe and stable operation of CAES systems.