A Multi-Objective Optimization Energy System Strategy for Load Coordination of Electric and Heat in Low-Carbon Parks

The development of low-carbon energy systems constitutes a critical pathway for industrial parks. However, neglecting the correlation between energy sources and loads will elevate decision-making risks during system optimization. This study proposed a multi-objective optimization framework for the load coordination of electric and heat in low-carbon energy parks. Firstly, the heating system and the battery energy storage system were constructed as adjustable resources in the low-carbon energy system of the industrial park. Secondly, it indicated that a fundamental conflict was between carbon emissions and the total costs in the planning process. Increasing the capacity of photovoltaic and wind power had significantly reduced carbon emissions, but had also led to an increase in the total cost. The concurrent management of electric and heat loads allowed surplus green power to be diverted for heating purposes, providing a pathway to phase out gas boilers. Finally, based on the optimized trade-off between carbon emissions and the total costs, three representative configuration plans were proposed to support the implementation of the low-carbon industrial parks, including the economical & practical (Ⅰ), balanced & coordinated (ⅠI) and low-carbon (ⅠII). Besides, The typical days were selected by k-means from the 8760 h of electric and heat loads in the actual operating park, thereby making the optimized configuration of electricity and heat coordination more in line with the constraints of the real world. The findings provided direct and reliable references for the design of low-carbon energy systems.