A Dual-Layer Optimization Model for Retail Power Suppliers Participating in Medium- and Long-Term Market Bidding Transactions with Distributed Flexibility Resource Clusters

With the large-scale integration of new energy sources, promoting the efficient participation of distributed flexible resources in electricity markets has become a key pathway to enhance energy utilization efficiency and facilitate the consumption of clean energy. Based on China’s medium- and long-term electricity market trading system, this paper proposes a two-level optimization model for retail power suppliers incorporating distributed flexibility resource clusters to participate in medium- and long-term market bidding transactions. Research indicates that the proposed model can effectively support the cluster in achieving stable returns in both annual and monthly markets, significantly reducing deviation assessment risks and enhancing overall market efficiency.