Türkiye–Syria Earthquake: Pathways of Institutionalized International Response

The 2023 Türkiye–Syria Earthquake marked a critical juncture for Chinese social organizations’ participation in international humanitarian response. Moving beyond earlier patterns of isolated, short-term engagement, this chapter examines their evolving integration into transnational humanitarian architectures. It analyzes four key dimensions: the shift from ad hoc mobilization to structured institutional interfaces; the emergence of modular collaboration through platform-based governance; the negotiation and localization of global humanitarian norms; and the capacity-building processes that followed crisis engagement. By situating these developments in comparative and historical perspective, the chapter underscores how the Türkiye–Syria response catalyzed a deeper trajectory of professionalization, reflexive reform, and strategic repositioning—revealing both the possibilities and limitations of Chinese social organizations as emerging actors in global disaster governance.