Conclusion

Denial or (non)recognition of genocide is not only a legal and judicial issue, but it also holds moral and ethical concerns. From the victims’ perspective, the denial of genocide is a deterrent to justice and accountability. This volume has examined the Rohingya genocide through a multidisciplinary lens, probing how recognition and non-recognition are shaped not only by evidence and law, but also by geopolitics, institutional incentives, and contested narratives (see Uddin et al., this volume, 2026). The overarching aim is to illuminate the politics of genocide and, more specifically, how genocide is labelled, or the processes of recognition are delayed, diluted, or denied. It is also clarified in this volume what (non)recognition of genocide could mean for survivors and victims, living with ongoing displacement, insecurity, and potential erasure. This final chapter builds directly on that agenda by synthesising the volume’s legal, empirical, and socio-political contributions into a closing argument about denial as a political practice, and about recognition as an ethical and juridical threshold that shapes whether injustice is acknowledged or deliberately deferred.