South America Experiences

Esophageal cancer remains one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies worldwide, with an estimated 604,100 new cases and 544,100 deaths annually in 2020. It ranks as the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with most cases being squamous cell carcinoma (85%) [1]. In Brazil, esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death in both sexes, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer [2].