Stress Analysis of Silicon Solar Cells Under Multiphysics Coupling

Silicon solar cells in practical operation often encounter complex multiphysics-coupled conditions, significantly impacting their stress distribution and performance. Targeting the real-world engineering application of silicon solar cells mounted on outdoor support structures, this study systematically investigates the coupled effects of multiphysics fields, including wind-induced laminar loads, mechanical loads from the support structure, and the ambient temperature field. It focuses on analyzing the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of silicon solar cells under these complex operating conditions. The model incorporates fluid-induced stress-strain, plastic deformation, and temperature-induced thermal stress. When wind speed increases from 5 m/s to 50 m/s, the maximum stress increases by tens of times. The influence of wind direction changes on stress is significantly smaller than that of wind speed variations. As temperature rises from 20 ℃ to 80 ℃, the maximum stress increases from 7.45 × 107 to 5.21 × 108 N/m2. The research reveals significant differences in the stress distribution of silicon solar cells under the individual and combined actions of different physical fields. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the stress state in silicon solar cells under multiphysics coupling, thereby providing critical support for the development of the solar energy industry.