Optimizing Train Schedule in a High-Speed Railway Station with Transfer Passenger Considerations

This paper addresses the real-time problem of train rescheduling and consideration of passenger transfer in high-speed railway stations under disruption scenarios. A key challenge for dispatchers is to mitigate the effects of operational disturbances while ensuring efficient platform usage and minimizing passenger inconvenience. To support such decision-making, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization framework based on an Alternative Graph (AG) representation and formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Program (MILP). The model explicitly incorporates three competing objectives: minimizing total travel time span, maximizing the number of successful passenger transfer connections, and minimizing total delay. A case study based on Hangzhou East Railway Station is conducted, simulating several disruption scenarios. The performance of the proposed (re)scheduling and reordering is analyzed through AG-based modeling and visualized using 3D Pareto fronts and 2D trade-off comparisons. Among the tested configurations, scenario 2 demonstrates a superior balance, achieving the lowest total delay and shortest travel time while respecting key transfer connections.