Optimization of Urban Green Transportation Structure Under Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Goals: A Case Study of Beijing

Addressing climate change necessitates the development of low-carbon, efficient, and sustainable urban transportation systems. This study investigates the optimization of motorized passenger transport structure in Beijing. By analyzing the current situation and employing refined carbon emission factors, transportation network conflicts were identified. A multi-objective optimization model was established, incorporating passenger transport carbon emissions, traffic efficiency, travel costs, and externalities as objectives, constrained by transportation demand and road network capacity. The entropy weight-TOPSIS method was employed to solve the model, yielding a comprehensive optimal solution. Key findings reveal that the optimized structure effectively prioritizes carbon reduction by significantly enhancing the dominance of public transit and implementing rational constraints on private motorized travel.