Research on Adaptive Equivalent Hydrogen Consumption Minimization Strategy for Hydrogen-Electric Hybrid Power System in Shunting Locomotives

With the global transition in energy structures and the ongoing implementation of low-carbon and environmentally friendly policies, hydrogen fuel cells—owing to their high energy conversion efficiency and zero-emission characteristics—are increasingly regarded as a key technological pathway for achieving green and low-carbon development in the rail transit sector. This study focuses on a hydrogen-electric hybrid shunting locomotive, aiming to enhance system economic performance and optimize energy utilization efficiency through in-depth research on energy management strategies. To address the limitations of traditional Equivalent Hydrogen Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS), particularly the use of a fixed equivalent factor that is unable to adapt to varying operating conditions, an adaptive ECMS based on battery state-of-charge (SOC) feedback is proposed. This strategy introduces an SOC feedback mechanism that enables dynamic adjustment of the equivalent factor, thereby optimizing the power distribution between the fuel cell and the battery. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy not only maintains SOC stability but also reduces hydrogen consumption by 10.15% compared to a rule-based energy management approach, validating its feasibility and effectiveness.