Camels in the Wild: An Outlook

This chapter explores the deep and evolving relationship between camels, humans, and desert environments, highlighting both historical and contemporary perspectives. Focusing on two contrasting cases of camels living in the wild: Camelus ferus in Mongolia and the feral Camelus dromedarius population in Australia. It depicts their cultural relevance, ecological roles, and management challenges. Through these cases, the chapter illustrates how camels continue to influence human-environment interactions and discusses conservation, sustainability, and their relationship to One Health. These case studies highlight the different angles and complex considerations required for decision-making and strategy-setting in the field of camel conservation, as well as opportunities for managing camels that live in the wild.