The Guide Runner: An “Inclusive Agent” for Visually Impaired Runners

This study explores the role of Guide Runners in promoting the inclusion of visually impaired (VI) runners through the sports of running. The Individual Social Responsibility (ISR) plays the role of a catalyst in encouraging Guide runners to perform this noble task. Guide runners are effective for VI runners due to the human touch they bring in comparison to other gadgets that help VI runners participate in running. This research employs four theories—Social Model of Disability, Self-Determination Theory, Ubuntu Theory, and Embodiment Theory—to analyse the complex relationship between guide runners and VI runners. Through a survey of 16 guide runners, the study finds the motivation of guide runners is largely independent of demographic factors like gender or running experience, highlighting the importance of social and psychological values. The findings suggest that guide runners serve as social agents, breaking the barriers to participation for VI runners and thereby promoting sports inclusion. The study suggests institutional support and social recognition for Guide Runners to achieve the ultimate aim of Sports inclusion for VI runners.