Towards Lifelong Learning Ecosystems in the African Contexts

This study is a literature-based analysis which views lifelong learning (LLL) in African education and training systems through ecosystem lenses. The ecosystem criteria—interconnectedness, information sharing, and diversity of partnerships—are utilised in the analysis. Within this theoretical framework, formal, non-formal, and informal education and training systems are examined with respect to their provision for LLL pathways. The findings indicate that although access to education has increased and quality frameworks have been promoted, a common challenge in African educational reforms is the lack of cooperation within and across ecosystem entities and levels (macro, meso, micro), both vertically and horizontally. This lack leads to deficiencies in LLL even at the basic education level. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) could serve as a key enabler in learning-and-work pathways. However, provider collaboration with industrial and societal partners needs to be strengthened, systematised, and better coordinated. Non-formal learning environments, such as work-based learning, similarly present vital opportunities for ongoing education but require enhanced coordination and cohesive systems. This chapter advocates an ecosystem approach to LLL, where interconnectedness, horizontal and vertical information sharing and collaboration, and diverse partners and voices are essential for developing inclusive and sustainable learning paths in the African context.