Risk Analysis and Research on Fire Accidents of Marine Drilling Platform Based on Bowtie Model

With the deep development of marine oil and gas resources, the safety of marine drilling platforms has attracted much attention. As one of its risks, fire accidents pose severe threats to personnel life, environment and economy. This study aims to systematically analyze the risk of fire accidents on marine drilling platforms by applying the owtie model. First, the risk factors that cause fires are fully identified, covering various factors such as electrical faults, leakage of flammable and explosive materials, of open fire operation, equipment aging overheating and so on, which are determined as the initial events of the Bowtie model. It further analyzes how these break through existing protective barriers, such as failure of fire prevention partition, fault of fire extinguishing system, lack of monitoring and early warning, etc., lead to the occurrence of accidents. Once an accident occurs, it will trigger serious consequences such as explosion, diffusion of toxic gas, structural collapse and so on, at time, key links such as emergency response, evacuation of personnel, maritime rescue and so on constitute a subsequent barrier, affecting the final trend of the accident. Through the of bowtie model, the logical relationship between each link is visualized, the risk path probability is accurately quantified, and the weak links are clarified. The results the study show that targeted measures such as strengthening equipment maintenance, optimizing fire protection design, and enhancing emergency capability can effectively reduce fire risks, provide strong decision-making basis the safe operation of marine drilling platforms, and ensure the smooth progress of marine oil and gas development.