Gateway to Sustainable Aggregates: A Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment for Pre-Feasibility of Aggregate Production Business Integrating Sustainability 4.0

Aggregates are the building blocks of the construction industry. Production methods of aggregate pose significant environmental challenges due to energy consumption, emissions, and resource depletion. This study examines sustainable solutions for the environmental challenges of aggregate production in the Philippine construction industry, which has intensified its reliance on natural resources, resulting in notable ecological impacts. The study investigates the pre-feasibility of applying Sustainability 4.0—integrating sustainable and Industry 4.0 practices—to minimize impact categories. Through a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the study assesses the environmental, social, and economic impacts of aggregate production, both traditional and sustainable production. The data collected from Philippine aggregate producers and international sources are used to assess the environmental impacts. The analysis reveals that the integration of sustainable methodologies, such as the utilization of tovex explosives and renewable energy alternatives, including FAME biodiesel and solar power, and the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, including automation, machine learning, and big data analytics, can substantially mitigate impact categories. The study emphasizes that, although there are initial costs and challenges related to technical expertise, integrating these practices can result in significant long-term benefits. This study offers essential insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers focused on advancing sustainable development within the construction sector.