3D-Printing-Enabled Laser Prism System (3D-LPS) with Total Station for Construction Site Surveying

Surveying has evolved from traditional mechanical and optical instruments like transits and theodolites to modern digital total stations, which are now primary tools for ground surveys. These Total Stations facilitate three-dimensional positioning by measuring horizontal and vertical angles, along with the distances to a prism held above the target. Maintaining a clear line of sight between the total station and the prism remains essential. However, when the surveyors employ a total station, the need for a heavy pole hinders efficiency and mobility on construction site. To address this issue, we propose leveraging a 3D-printing-enabled Laser Prism with the Total Station. In this study, we developed a prototype and provided a proof-of-concept of the system through a pilot test. Through the system development and pilot test, this study contributes to the body of knowledge by 1) proposing a novel approach that improves the efficiency and mobility of construction surveying practices, and 2) outlining future directions for integrating the proposed system with other surveying technologies to further enhance the effectiveness and quality of surveying practices.