Impact of Green Finance and Sustainable Natural Resources on Climate Change: A Study of the Middle East and North African Region

This study examines the relationship between carbon emissions, reliance on natural resources, and green finance in 23 Middle East and North African (MENA) countries from 2000 to 2022, using the generalized method of moments to obtain robust estimates. The results indicate that green finance significantly reduces carbon emissions, especially in more urbanized contexts, where greener financial flows are more effective. However, environmental deterioration is made worse by the exploitation of natural resources. Our findings emphasize the importance of integrating green policies with targeted green investment plans to achieve climate resilience and long-term prosperity in resource-dependent nations.