Applying the ChatGPT Artificial Intelligence Tool to Teaching Probability–Statistics at the High-School Level in the Context of Digital Transformation in Vietnam

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models such as ChatGPT, has introduced profound epistemic and pedagogical implications for contemporary education systems. In Vietnam, where the 2018 General Education Program emphasizes competency development, digital literacy, and learner autonomy, integrating AI into classroom practice presents both transformative opportunities and complex instructional challenges. This chapter offers a theoretically grounded and systematically structured examination of ChatGPT integration into high-school Probability–Statistics education. Rather than framing generative AI as a technological enhancement alone, the chapter conceptualizes it as a cognitively mediated instructional scaffold whose educational value depends on structured epistemic mediation, regulated cognitive engagement, and coherent governance frameworks. Drawing upon constructivist learning theory, statistical reasoning research, cognitive load theory, and empirical studies on human–AI collaboration, the chapter analyzes instructional affordances, epistemic vulnerabilities, assessment implications, and policy considerations associated with AI-supported instruction. It proposes a disciplined integration model that preserves productive struggle, strengthens assumption articulation, and cultivates epistemic vigilance in statistical reasoning. The chapter argues that generative AI can contribute meaningfully to Probability–Statistics education not through automation of problem-solving, but through structured epistemic mediation and regulated cognitive engagement that reinforce analytical autonomy. Sustainable implementation requires alignment with curriculum objectives and institutional safeguards that protect academic integrity, cognitive development, and data security within digitally transforming educational systems.