Smart Parks for Smart Cities: A Cross-Cultural Framework for Implementing ICT-Enabled Urban Green Spaces in Saudi Arabia

This study examines the conceptualization, implementation, and user perception of smart parks, with a focus on translating global precedents into Saudi Arabia’s urban context. Drawing on case studies and a user survey at South Korea’s first smart park, the research identifies key technologies—IoT networks, AI surveillance, adaptive lighting, and environmental sensors—that enhance safety, efficiency, and sustainability. Findings reveal low public awareness and limited satisfaction with certain features, such as augmented reality, underscoring the gap between technological capability and user engagement. Importance–Performance Analysis highlights the need to improve environmental monitoring and safety services. The study emphasizes aligning smart park development with Saudi Vision 2030, providing policymakers and designers with practical insights to create inclusive, resilient, and technologically advanced urban green spaces.