Coordinated Fuzzy Logic Control of a PV-Powered Drone Charging Station with Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage

The widespread deployment of drones in Saudi Arabia, particularly in remote and strategic applications, highlights the need for reliable and sustainable charging solutions. This study proposes the design and implementation of a photovoltaic (PV)-powered drone charging station integrated with a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) comprising supercapacitors (SCaps) and batteries. The primary objectives of the proposed system are to maximize PV power extraction, optimize power management, and ensure stable voltage regulation. The main contribution of this work lies in a control-oriented enhancement through the development of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for voltage regulation, thereby improving system robustness under nonlinear and dynamic operating conditions. With the battery supplying steady-state power requirements and the SCap mitigating high-frequency power fluctuations, the HESS enhances system performance by achieving a balance between long-term energy storage capability and rapid power delivery. The system’s scalability and its potential contribution to the sustainability and technological advancement objectives outlined in Saudi Vision 2030 were validated through simulations conducted under solar irradiance disturbance scenarios, demonstrating efficient voltage regulation and coordinated power sharing.