AI-Nano-Supporting Global Food and Nutrition Security: Technical Achievements and Prospects

Global food and nutrition security remains one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century, as over 828 million people face chronic hunger and more than two billion suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. With the global population projected to surpass nine billion by 2050, conventional agricultural methods alone are insufficient to ensure sustainable food systems. The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force, offering innovative solutions to overcome resource limitations, climate change, and declining productivity. AI-driven predictive analytics, precision agriculture, and intelligent supply chain systems are revolutionizing resource management and reducing human effort, while nanotechnology enables breakthroughs in nutrient delivery, crop protection, smart nano-sensors, and food packaging that can detect spoilage and preserve nutritional value. These combined technologies have demonstrated measurable improvements in agricultural yield, food safety, and nutrient bioavailability across diverse environments. This chapter examines the synergistic role of AI and Nanotechnology as dual engines for global food and nutrition security. It highlights recent technical achievements, field applications, and policy developments from 2020–2024, while addressing ethical, regulatory, and sustainability considerations. The discussion concludes with prospects and strategic recommendations for equitable and responsible integration of AI–Nano systems into global food frameworks.