Monitoring Surface Heat Urban Island Effect in Riyadh City Using Earth Observation

This study investigates the impact of recent major development projects on the thermal signature in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using Earth observation data to support the Quality of Life Program’s goal of enhancing urban livability by 2030. High-resolution thermal data from Landsat 9 satellites were employed to analyze surface temperature trends at local scales, identifying key contributors to urban heating. Preliminary findings revealed a significant expansion of SUHI in Riyadh between 2016 and 2023, with high thermal peaks increasingly concentrated in urban areas. Detailed site-specific analysis highlighted the role of urban features, such as asphalt surfaces and highways, in elevating temperatures, while compact designs, reflective materials, and green spaces demonstrated cooling effects. The study underscores the potential of mitigation strategies like albedo engineering, urban features engineering, urban greening, and water features to reduce heat waves impact. These insights provide actionable recommendations for urban planning to combat rising temperatures and improve livability in Riyadh and similar arid cities.