A Systematic Review of Integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Smart Cities

Integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has recently attracted significant attention and played a role in developing smart cities. This systematic review explores the current state of BIM-GIS integration, its applications, challenges, and future directions. This study identifies key trends, technological advancements, and adoption barriers through an inclusive analysis of peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and reviews published from 2013 to 2025. Findings suggest that BIM-GIS integration enhances smart cities’ urban planning, infrastructure management, and disaster resilience. However, interoperability issues, data heterogeneity, and a lack of standardized frameworks remain significant challenges. The review concludes with a discussion of future research, policy implications, and important recommendations.