SDG 7 and the Performance of Saudi Arabia Towards Sustainable Development, Clean Energy and Regulatory Framework

This article explores the complex and multi-level sustainability challenges that Saudi Arabia faces in its transition from a fossil-fuel-based economy to one centered on clean and renewable energy. Anchored in the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal No. 7 [Affordable and Clean Energy], the study critically examines the Kingdom’s policy strategies, regulatory frameworks, and institutional efforts to promote clean energy adoption and reduce environmental degradation. Drawing from a wide range of academic literature and policy documents, the paper investigates the interplay between energy production, environmental performance, and national governance. It identifies key factors influencing the success of this transition, including technological innovation, regulatory coherence, and stakeholder engagement across both public and private sectors. The study underscores the importance of integrated and collaborative approaches to policymaking that align with the broader objectives of Saudi Vision 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals. Ultimately, it calls for systemic reforms to enable a resilient and sustainable energy future.