Properties of Pellets Made from Selected Biomass: A Review

Studying the characteristics of pellets made from different agricultural and non-agricultural wastes and assessing their accessibility in India along with the likelihood of pellet manufacturing are the goals of this project. Poultry litter and plant weeds-based pellets (PLPWBPs), composting char from municipal waste (MWCC), pineapple varieties (Josapine, MD2 and Moris), oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), oil palm frond (OPF), oil palm shell (OPS) and oil palm mesocarp (OPM), bamboo sawdust, eucalyptus sawdust, palm fibre are among the various biomass residues that are utilized. After taking into account a number of characterization parameters, it was determined that the MWCC-to-SC ratio of 20:80 with 20% slop waste was the most appropriate for producing solid fuel pellets and had the highest economic viability of all the pellets. Friability, bulk density, true density and porosity of pineapple, which is widely grown in India, range from 0.85 to 1.22%, 303.31 to 345.24 kg m3 and 1502.65 to 1520. For pellet manufacture, the ideal moisture content was between 8 and 14%. Highest HHV was observed in PLPWBP of 50.41 MJ/kg among all pellets, and palletization employing their particular type of organic binders can produce fruitful results when carbonization and pillarization technologies are combined. PVA’s strength and hydrophobicity were enhanced by the addition of biomass gasification residue or BGR. In areas with an abundance of palm trees, oil palm empty fruit bunch has also become a viable choice for pellet production. The weight loss of the material with temperature changes was also observed using TGA analysis.