Enhancing Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Efficiency Using Intelligent Energy Management Systems

This study explores the design, functioning and performance of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) as clean and efficient alternatives to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. It introduces an innovative hybrid control approach that integrates real-time sensor feedback with AI-assisted energy allocation, outperforming traditional battery electric vehicle energy management systems. This research utilizes simulated driving cycle datasets, such as the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET) and Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycles (WLTC), as well as real-world telemetry data from public hydrogen vehicle trials. The evaluation metrics include energy efficiency (km/kg), hydrogen consumption rate, range consistency, power response time and emission outputs. The study found that HFCVs demonstrate high operational efficiency, rapid refuelling capability and zero-emission output when using renewable hydrogen. The AI-optimized control system improved energy efficiency by 12.5% and extended range under variable loads. The findings underscore potential of hydrogen in decarbonizing transportation while maintaining the convenience and performance expected by modern drivers.