A Comparative Survey of Perceptions on Nuclear Power Plant Safety and the Discharge of ALPS-Treated Water Among Residents in Capital Cities of China, Japan, and South Korea

This study examines public perceptions of nuclear power plant safety and the ocean discharge of ALPS-treated water among residents of China, Japan, and South Korea based on an online survey of approximately 600 respondents in each country. The survey assessed views on the safety and legitimacy of the ALPS discharge, attitudes toward purchasing Fukushima seafood and related import restrictions, broader perceptions of nuclear safety, and opinions on the need for trilateral cooperation. The results show that 60–70% of respondents feel anxious about domestic nuclear power plant safety, while 60–80% express concern about nuclear facilities in neighboring countries, underscoring a shared regional risk. However, limited mutual trust remains a major barrier to cooperation. Tokyo residents show some understanding of the ALPS discharge, whereas strong opposition persists in China and South Korea due to perceived inadequacies in Japan’s explanations and skepticism toward international reviews. These findings highlight the lack of an effective regional nuclear safety framework in East Asia. Strengthening trilateral dialogue—particularly through platforms such as the Top Regulators’ Meeting (TRM)—and developing joint monitoring, information sharing, and more transparent communication will be essential for improving trust and advancing regional nuclear safety governance.