Exploring the Biomechanics of Madhalam Playing: A Focused Study

Introduction: Musicians are prone to playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) due to repetitive motions and prolonged positions required by their profession. The Madhalam, a traditional drum used in Kerala percussion ensembles such as Panchavadyam, Keli, and the Kathakali orchestra, is crafted from the wood of the jackfruit tree and features two playing sides. The instrument, weighing about 30 kg, is suspended from the artist’s hip, around the fifth lumbar vertebra and the first sacral vertebra (L5/S1) region, posing ergonomic challenges and affecting the artist’s posture during performance. Aim and Objectives: This study aims to illustrate the forces and moments exerted on the bodies of Madhalam artists, focusing on the biomechanical demands during performance and examining the forces acting on the erector spinae muscle group at the L5/S1 region, crucial for maintaining the spine’s static equilibrium. Methodology: Static biomechanical evaluation of the Madhalam artist was done to quantify the forces and moments exerted on the erector spinae muscles, focusing on the L5/S1 region. These measurements were then compared to established safety thresholds for spinal loading. Result and Discussion: The analysis revealed that the forces acting on the erector spinae muscle group at the L5/S1 region exceeded the safe threshold for spinal loading indicating a severe risk of PRMDs among Madhalam artists. Conclusion: The study highlights the risk of PRMDs among Madhalam artists, emphasizing the need for ergonomic interventions to promote long-term musculoskeletal health and improve their overall well-being.