Analysis of Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Correlation of Peripheral Pulse Wave Signals of the Human—An Ergonomic Tool for the Application in Biometric Authentication

Introduction: Biometrics are unique characteristics of individuals used for identification and security purposes. Common biometric features, such as fingerprints and iris patterns, provide strong security but can be compromised by physical damage, such as burnt skin or compromised dermal integrity. Human peripheral pulse signals inherently possess real-time vitality characteristics, ensuring that the identifier is obtained from a live and legitimate individual. Additionally, pulse signals are unique to each individual and can serve as a reliable, non-invasive and ergonomic biometric feature. Aims and Objectives: This research work aims to demonstrate the viability of pulse-based biometric by measuring pulse data from various subjects and distinguishing each individual through the calculation of correlation coefficients. Although pulse signals can vary due to physiological activities, this study has shown that they can eliminate intra-individual variability whilst maintaining inter-individual distinctiveness. Methodology: In this study, the pulse waveforms of 20 human subjects including both males and females were acquired under three different conditions: normal state, post-food and post-exercise. The interpersonal and intrapersonal correlation coefficients were calculated and analysed. Result and Discussion: Under three levels of pulse wave morphology differentiation and analysis, it is shown that the interpersonal variations differ significantly (p < 0.05), whereas the intrapersonal peripheral pulse wave features are not differing significantly. Conclusion: Since the pulse wave acts as an identifier, the possibility of discrepancies such as data replication or manipulation can be avoided. This ergonomic concept also paves way for the advancement of ergonomic design of biometric authentication systems.