Abdominal Hydatid Cyst

Hydatid cyst of the liver accounts for 60%–75% of cases, with 80% of the cysts located in the right lobe. Clinically, the cyst remains asymptomatic until it enlarges significantly or complications develop. Diagnosis is primarily based on imaging. Pharmacological treatment is recommended for disseminated hydatid disease, unfit patients, or as an adjunct to surgery. Preoperative administration for at least 2–6 weeks aims to sterilize the cyst and reduce the risk of contamination from intraoperative spillage. Puncture, aspiration, injection, and re-aspiration (PAIR) technique is recommended for unilocular cysts (CE1) or cysts with ruptured membranes (CE3a). Surgery is the most commonly practiced form of treatment. Conservative surgery, such as evacuation of contents and partial excision of the cyst, is a more widely performed procedure.