Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cirrhosis of the liver, Hepatitis B and C infection, NASH, and NAFLD are the common predisposing factors associated with HCC. An increasing AFP and levels above 400 ng/mL are considered diagnostic of HCC when supported by clinical and imaging findings. Contrast-enhanced CT scan and MRI are reliable imaging modalities for the diagnosis of HCC. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) system is currently the most commonly used staging system that guides management protocols. Early and very early tumors are best treated with hepatic resection. Liver transplantation is effective in HCC patients who meet the Milan criteria.