Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Hiatus Hernia

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is characterized by a symptom complex resulting from the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus and beyond through the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). An interplay between protective mechanisms and aggravating factors is implicated in the genesis of GERD. Hiatus hernia is a common cause for GERD. Medical management comprising lifestyle management and proton-pump inhibitor often controls the symptoms in the majority. Failure of medical management and complications of long-standing GERD are main indications of surgery. Laparoscopic Nissen’s fundoplication is currently the surgical treatment of choice.