Coordinated Optimization of Voyage Scheduling and Energy Management for All-Electric Ship

The global energy crisis and escalating environmental pollution have accelerated the shipping industry’s shift toward green, low-carbon development. The microgrid of all-electric propulsion ships integrate multiple energy forms, improving environmental and economic performance, while demanding more from energy management systems. Due to the highly coupled relationship between ship propulsion power and sailing speed, voyage scheduling and energy management are inherently interconnected in ship operation optimization. To address the lack of coordination between voyage scheduling and energy management, this study constructs a nonlinear coupling model that includes ship route optimization, speed optimization, and energy management, considering emission policies and sea conditions. In addition to evaluating the impact of voyage scheduling on energy management, the feedback effect of energy management on voyage scheduling is also considered. Through linearization techniques, the original problem is transformed into a mixed-integer quadratic programming model, enabling the coordinated optimization of voyage scheduling and energy management. Compared with three alternative scenarios, the proposed coordinated optimization approach improves energy efficiency by 15.56%, 5.74%, and 1.29%, enhancing the ship’s overall energy performance.