Advanced Nanoparticles for Vaccine Development

One of the most noteworthy breakthroughs in the history of medical field is the discovery of vaccines. Vaccination provides a cost-effective method to diverse infectious diseases and saving the lives of millions of people. However, always there is a persistent requirement for efficient vaccines for a wide variety of health issues including infectious, allergic, inflammatory, and malignancies. The failures in the vaccine development are due to the insufficient immune responses. Several shortcomings in the field of vaccine development can be resolved using nanotechnology. The design of novel vaccine formulations using nanoparticles increases the immunogenicity since nanoparticles can function both an immune-stimulating adjuvant and a targeted delivery system. Numerous vaccine delivery systems in the nanoscale platforms such as polymeric, inorganic, organic, lipid-based, and biologically derived have received wide attention, nowadays. These nanoparticles can be engineered in such a way to get suitable properties for an effective vaccine platform. In this book chapter, we explore how the nanoparticle systems have been designed to facilitate vaccine delivery for human contagious diseases and could be adapted for other ailments like cancer.