Nanomaterials and Composites in Biosensing, Disease Detection and Diagnostic Applications

Nanomaterials and its composites are well known for its biosensing and disease detection applications. This is due to its characteristic physicochemical properties. Wide range of nanomaterials including organic, inorganic and hybrid varieties exhibit targeted biomolecule detection. Hence, they are utilized in biosensor development. This review highlights the role of aforementioned nanomaterials for the recent advancements in disease detection and healthcare diagnosis. Special focus is given to graphene derivatives, carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, novel hybrid nanocomposites, metal and metal oxide nanocomposites. Various analytical performance matrices like Limit of Detection, Figure of Merit, Response time and Linear Dynamic range of these nanocomposites are studied and compared in detail in this review. Study reveals that these materials show potential in detecting clinically relevant biomarkers and pathogens.