Comprehensive Literature Review for Architecture, Control Strategies and Protection in Sustainable Dc Microgrids

DC (direct current) microgrids are drawing attention because of the renewable energy revolution, power electronic improvements, and proven reliability. DC technology alleviates intricate frequency harmonics, reactive power particulars and warps. DC conducts electrons across the entire area of the cable, unlike ac, which is restricted by its skin effect. Distributed dc production offers greater efficiency, simpler control, and improved power sharing. More power can be produced with higher voltages, utilizing the same distribution lines for a wider area. Systems within the range of 12 vdc to 1500 vdc were investigated and examined as a reference in this paper. Realized control algorithms will improve efficiency within the dc grid. A combination of a three-level control strategy would improve grid performance. The primary control would typically be V/I droop control, accompanied by more complex secondary control and advanced tertiary control. This paper will review the distributed generation of dc microgrids and their advantages, condense different architecture classifications and standards, assess protection schemes for dc technology, and review primary/secondary/tertiary control methods, including major grid topologies.