AI–IoT Convergence for Sustainable Urban Mobility: Rethinking Governance and Integrated Transport Planning

Cities around the world are undergoing a digital transformation that is redefining how people move and how mobility is governed. This chapter explores how the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) can serve as a practical pathway toward sustainable and inclusive urban mobility. It argues that these technologies are not merely tools for automation but catalysts for a new model of planning and governance that is data-driven, adaptive, and people-centered. Drawing on the frameworks of sustainable urban mobility, integrated transport planning, and socio-technical transition theory, the chapter situates AI–IoT integration within the broader “Smart and Just City” paradigm. Evidence from Shenzhen, Oslo, Jeddah, and Singapore demonstrates how predictive analytics, digital twins, Green IoT, and Mobility-as-a-Service contribute to reducing emissions, improving system efficiency, and expanding equitable access. At the same time, the chapter acknowledges persistent challenges related to data privacy, interoperability, and social equity. It contends that the long-term success of digital transformation depends on transparent data governance, institutional coordination, and participatory decision-making. The chapter concludes by offering policy recommendations for adaptive regulation, ethical algorithm design, and cross-sector collaboration. Ultimately, it reimagines AI–IoT not as a technological ambition but as a governance instrument for creating urban mobility systems that are cleaner, fairer, and more responsive to human needs.